Unequal Voices: The Impact of Larger States’ Electoral Power in the United States Electoral College System

Abstract

To ensure that both large and small states had equal representation among states with different populations, the Electoral College was created to contribute meaningfully to U.S. presidential elections. Yet, in practice, the system has led to significant disparities in electoral influence, with larger states often holding disproportionate power. This paper investigates the extent to which the Electoral College upholds or undermines its original purpose of equitable representation. Through an analysis of the system’s structural biases, including the focus on swing states and the winner- takes-all method, the article reveals how these elements can diminish the voices of smaller states and concentrate power in a few populous regions. It also examines how this unequal distribution of influence risks fostering conditions that could lead to one-party dominance, particularly if certain large states consistently support a single party. The study concludes by examining the implications of these dynamics for American democracy and considers possible recommendations that might restore a balanced and representative electoral process. The study found out that the Electoral College fails to provide equitable representation, risks becoming a tool for one-party dominance and deviates from its federalist roots, effectively functioning as a flawed proxy for a popular vote system dominated by populous states. It’s on this note the study, recommended that Electoral Vote Caps should be introduced for Highly Populated States: Capping the number of electoral votes that any single state can hold would reduce the excessive influence that large states like California and Texas currently have.